ISO Wood Pellet Standard Certification For Global Market
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To answer the need for clarification at an international level, ISO is working on a series of International Standards on solid biofuel specifications and classes. This will provide concise and unambiguous criteria and methods for the characterization of solid biofuels.
With the ISO 17225 series wood pellet stadard, ISO is preparing almost 60 International Standards for solid biofuels on graded wood pellets, graded wood briquettes, graded wood chips, graded non-woody pellets, thermally treated and densified biomass fuels, etc. It comprises definition and classification standards as well as standards for chemical and mechanical testing. A standard on sampling methodology is also included as a necessary building block for accommodating certification and various schemes of credit accounting.
The main challenge for biomass fuels is that they are not homogeneous. The properties of biomass differ depending on the raw material. There are also different national interests and practices behind the production of solid biofuels. The ISO 17225 series determines specifications and classes based on the origin and source of the solid biofuel raw materials: woody, herbaceous, fruit, aquatic biomass and blends and mixtures. Then, for each traded form like pellets, quality properties were selected separately but origin and source and moisture and ash content were specified for all traded forms.
The standards are intended for all stakeholders working in the solid biofuels supply chain, including fuel producers, traders, end users, authorities and policy makers. These standards will serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of solid biofuels and foster a better understanding between seller and buyer, as well as for communicating with wood pellet manufacturing equipment manufacturers.
ISO Specification of graded Wood Pellets for industrial use - I1, I2, I3
Property
Unit
I1
I2
I3
Analysis Method
Origin & Source
•Stemwood•Chemically untreated wood residues
•Whole trees without roots •Stemwood •Logging residues •Bark •Chemically untreated wood residues
•Forest plantation & other virgin wood •By products and residues from wood processing industry •Used wood
ISO 17225-1
Wood Pellet Diameter, D
mm
D06, 6±1
ISO 17829
Length
mm
3.15 ≤ L ≤ 40
ISO 17829
Wood Pellet Diameter, D
mm
D08, 8±1
ISO 17829
Wood pellet moisture content
As received, w-% wet basis
M10 ≤ 10
ISO 18134-1, ISO 18134-2
Ash
Dry Basis, w-%
A1.5 ≤ 1,5
A5.0 ≤ 5,0
ISO 18122
Mechanical Durability
As received, w-%
DU97.5 ≥ 97,5
DU96.0 ≥ 96,0
ISO 17831-1
Fines
As received, w-%
F5.0 ≤ 5,0
F7.0 ≤ 7,0
ISO 18846
Additives d
Dry Basis, w-%
≤ 2 w-%, Type and amount to be stated
Pellet Bulk Density
kg/m3
BD625 ≥ 625
BD600 ≥ 600
ISO 17828
Net Calorific Value
As received, MJ/kg
Q17.0 ≥ 17,0
Q16.5 ≥ 16,5
ISO 18125
Ash Melting Behavior
°C
Should be stated
ISO 21404
ISO Specification of graded Wood Pellets for commercial and residential applications - A1, A2 & B
Property
Unit
I1
I2
I3
Analysis Method
Origin & Source
•Stemwood •Chemically untreated wood residues
•Whole trees without roots •Stemwood •Logging residues •Bark •Chemically untreated wood residues
•Forest plantation & other virgin wood •By products and residues from wood processing industry •Used wood
As biofuel energy, wood pellet is a common kind of biomass pellets. Wood pellets are actually wood particles (e.g., wood shavings and sawdust) compressed into small cylindrical pellets. They are usually made from wood waste, including sawdust, shavings, and wood chips, which are byproducts of the manufacture of lumber, furniture, and other forest products.
Wood pellets are under high pressure when compressed through the small holes in the wood pellet mill. RICHI wood pelletizer applys pressure to force the raw materials through holes that shape the pellets. Pressure and friction are used to increase the temperature of the wood, which in turn allows the lignum to soften and the wood fibers to be reshaped into pellets. And the woods natural lignin is the binding agent that holds the pellets together. Wood pellets are denser than wood chip and have very good handling characteristics. They can be made from a wide range of sources of biomass with the result that pellets made from different feedstocks will have different energy densities and other characteristics.
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